弹力绷带与医用棉两种衬垫在电动气压止血带中的应用比较

目的通过比较医用棉纸与弹力绷带作为电动气压止血带衬垫的方法,观察不同衬垫材料在电动气压止血带中的应用效果。方法将2018年1月至12月镇江市中西医结合医院骨科收治的100例患者采用随机数字表分为弹力绷带组(50例)和棉纸组(50例),分别采用弹力绷带和医用棉纸作为电动气压止血带衬垫材料,观察比较两组的止血效果、皮肤损伤发生率以及对电动气压止血带袖带的保护情况。结果弹力绷带组患者的皮肤压痕、瘀斑、水泡等皮肤损伤发生率低于棉纸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组止血效果比较差异无统计学意义;弹力绷带组的袖带污染发生率(4%)明显少于棉纸组(16%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论弹力绷带作为止血带衬垫材料止血效果明显,而且能有效降低患者受压处皮肤的损伤率,同时减少了止血带袖带的污染,有利于袖带的清洁消毒。     

Early-adulthood caloric restriction is beneficial to improve renal redox status as future anti-aging strategy in rats

AimsCaloric restriction (CR) is an experimental approach proposed to alleviate age-related oxidative damage. In the present study, we investigated the consequences of CR on renal redox homeostasis in rats at a specific time frame in early-adulthood..MethodsThree groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats; young control at 6-month-old, 2-year-old subjected to 40% CR between 18^th-24^th months of age, and their non-CR controls were sacrificed, and numerous redox status biomarkers including protein oxidation, glycation, lipid peroxidation, glycation end products, thiol groups, and superoxide dismutase were assayed. It was also ensured that CR rats and their non-CR corresponding rats had similar body weights at the end of the study to decrease the confounding effects of different body weights on redox homeostasis and caloric restriction.ResultsAfter CR, the detrimental effects of the protein oxidation, glycation, and lipid peroxidation were significantly improved in the renal tissue CR rats when compared to their non-CR control group. However, there were no significant difference in thiol fractions between younger controls and both of the elderly groups.ConclusionDetrimental consequences of renal senescence on redox homeostasis are significantly improved via CR especially applied in early-adulthood.     

高频超声诊断不同臂丛神经病变研究进展

臂丛神经结构复杂，走形迂曲，位置表浅，支配上肢及肩部的运动及感觉。随着科学技术的发展，臂丛神经损伤呈现逐年上升的趋势。如何对臂丛神经损伤做出及时且精准的诊断，术前明确区分节前与节后损伤，一直是近年来临床研究的热点、难点。本文旨在重点介绍高频超声在不同臂丛神经病变诊断中的研究进展。     

甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠对自身免疫性肺气肿模型大鼠氧化应激和抗内皮细胞抗体的影响

目的:研究甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠对自身免疫性肺气肿模型大鼠氧化应激和抗内皮细胞抗体(AECA)的影响。方法:将雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和干预组,每组8只。除对照组大鼠腹腔注射等体积的完全弗氏佐剂外,模型组和干预组大鼠均腹腔注射体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞+完全弗氏佐剂混合物以复制自身免疫性肺气肿模型;造模给药后第2天,干预组大鼠腹腔注射甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠10 mg/(kg·d),对照组和模型组大鼠均腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水,每日1次,连续21 d。末次给药后,取各组大鼠右肺组织制作石蜡切片并行苏木精-伊红染色,观察肺组织病理变化,测量单位面积内的肺泡数(MAN)和内衬间隔(MLI);检测左肺肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,以及BALF和血清中AECA含量。采用Pearson分析模型组大鼠BALF中AECA与MDA、GSH、SOD、GSH-Px的相关性。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织可见明显的肺气肿病理变化,其MAN显著减少,MLI显著延长(P<0.01);BALF中GSH含量和SOD、GSH-Px活性均显著降低,BALF中MDA含量以及BALF、血清中AECA含量均显著升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,干预组大鼠肺组织的肺气肿病理变化明显改善,其MAN显著增加,MLI显著缩短(P<0.01);BALF中GSH含量和SOD、GSH-Px活性均显著升高;BALF中MDA含量以及BALF、血清中AECA含量均显著降低(P<0.01)。模型组大鼠BALF中的AECA与MDA呈正相关(r=0.710,P<0.05),与GSH、SOD、GSH-Px呈负相关(r=-0.754、-0.781、-0.736,P<0.05)。结论:甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠可能通过减轻氧化应激反应、抑制AECA的表达,从而达到预防自身免疫性肺气肿的目的。     

Redox imbalance in age-related ovarian dysfunction and perspectives for its prevention

The age at which women have their first child is increasing. This change represents a major health problem to society because advanced maternal age is related with a decay in fertility and an increase in the incidence of a variety of pregnancy complications and offspring health issues. The ovary stands as the main contributor for female reproductive ageing because of the progressive age-related decrease in follicle number and oocyte quality. Loss of redox homeostasis and establishment of an ovarian oxidative microenvironment are seen as major underlying causes for such downfall and impairment of ovarian function. Thus, the use of antioxidants to preserve fertility became an important field of research. In this review, new insights on mechanisms underlying the establishment of oxidative stress and its repercussions on ovarian ageing are addressed, along with the current state of knowledge on antioxidant supplementation and its contribution for healthy ageing and extension of ovarian lifespan.     

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of antioxidant enzymes SOD2 and GSTP1 genes and SLE risk and severity in an Egyptian pediatric population

BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with increased oxidative stress that participates in immune dysregulation, and injury resulting in loss of immune tolerance and increased auto-antibody production. This study was designed to investigate the effects of genetic polymorphisms of the antioxidant enzymes genes that code for SOD2 (rs2758332) and GSTP1 (rs1695) on SLE risk and severity in Egyptian children and adolescents cohort from Delta region.MethodsThe frequencies of these genes polymorphic variants were compared between 100 SLE children and adolescents and 100 healthy control subjects. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the two antioxidants were determined using TaqMan SNP genotyping assay.ResultsIndividuals with the TT and CT genotypes of rs2758332 in the SOD2 gene were of significant risk for SLE patients (OR = 1.831, 95% CI = 1.082–3.101, P = 0.024) and (OR = 1.864, 95% CI = 1.136–3.059, P = 0.014), respectively. Cases who have combined CT + TT genotype were of significant higher risk of SLE (OR = 1.851, 95% CI = 1.156 – 2.962, P = 0.010). While, they did not show any significant association between SOD2 genotypes or alleles with SLE clinical features. In case of the SNP rs1695 in the GSTP1 gene, no significant associations of genotypes or alleles with SLE risk or with SLE clinical features were detected.ConclusionsThis study among Egyptian children and adolescents showed a strong association of the SOD2 rs2758332 not GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism with the risk of SLE disease.     

Palbociclib induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair to induce cellular senescence and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

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补体系统在青光眼视神经保护中的研究进展

青光眼是世界范围内导致不可逆失明的主要疾病,发病率逐年升高,视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)凋亡被认为是青光眼病变的最早形式。补体失调是青光眼早期视神经损害的特征改变,抑制补体系统能够阻止多种危险因素对RGC的损伤,可以在眼内压持续升高的情况下保护视网膜神经元树突和突触的完整性,阻止神经损伤进一步发展,是近年来青光眼视神经保护药物研发的热点。中草药来源的抗补体活性成分开发成本低,并可以直接在体内被利用,而且其对补体的调控是多成分,多途径的,因此,具有良好的应用前景。本文综述了补体系统在青光眼视神经损害中的病理机制和干预效应的研究进展,为进一步研究补体调控在视神经保护中的作用提供参考。